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本文阐述了英国非政府部门公共机构管理财政科研经费的基本格局，并以部分典型评价活动为例，从国家和机构两个层面对英国非政府部门财政科研经费管理机构工作的评价机制进行了剖析，包括：基本原则、工作流程、评价内容、评价方法、管理框架、成果使用等。在此基础上，针对我国科技计划中拟通过专业机构实施计划项目及配套经费管理的改革，从制度建设、规范制订、标准选择等不同维度提出了对专业机构工作评价的建议。
英国科研经费对外开放情况研究
英国 科研经费 对外开放
2016/1/4
在经济和科技全球化深入发展，科学技术活动国际化特征日益显著的背景下，随着我国科技大国的地位不断提升，我国有关科技部门越来越需要关注科研经费的对外开放问题。本文在介绍英国科研经费管理概况及其关于开放性科学研究的理论探索的基础上，重点分析和总结了英国科研经费对外开放的六个主要特点，供有关部门和研究人员参考。
中国海外能源投资的地缘风险与法律对策
海外能源投资 地缘 法律风险 投资保护对策
2016/12/24
中国海外能源投资在欧美、非洲和拉丁美洲具有明显的的地缘特点，而面临的风险也带有一定的地缘特征，因而有必要采取相应的法律对策。中国能源企业在欧美主要通过跨国并购进行投资，主要面临政府许可风险。其对策主要在于如何以法律手段通过国家安全审查。在非洲的投资主要采取国家契约的方式，主要面临政治风险，需要强化投资保护协定，暴力活动和反恐对策。在拉丁美洲的投资则主要面临卡尔沃主义带来的法律变更风险和国有化与征收...
BAYESIAN AND DOMINANT STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE INDEPENDENT PRIVATE VALUES MODEL
Independent private values incentive compatibility Bayesian implementations dominant-strategy implementation adverse selection bilateral trade mechanism design
2015/9/23
We prove—in the standard independent private-values model—that the outcome, in terms of expected probabilities of trade and expected transfers, of any Bayesian mechanism, can also be obtained with a d...
The Market for American State Government Bonds in Britain and the United States, 1830 to 1843
American State Government Market
2015/9/22
The following notice must accompany the PDF on the Contributing Author's website: This is an electronic version of an article published in The Economic History Review: complete citation information fo...
American Government and the Promotion of Economic Development In the National Era, 1790 to 1860
American Government Economic Development
2015/9/22
When Americans decided for independence in the spring of 1776 they faced many
difficult decisions. They were declaring there independence as independent states. John Adams,
leader of the Congress an...
A Regional Analysis of Transactional Strategies of Russian Enterprises
Regional Analysis Transactional Strategies Russian Enterprises
2015/9/22
Do Russian enterprises do business differently in different parts of the country? More specifically, to what extent do the strategies adopted by Russian enterprises to deal with their trading partners...
Politics, Relief, and Reform: The Transformation of America's Social Welfare System during the New Deal
Politics Relief Reform
2015/9/22
Prior to the New Deal almost all public social welfare spending, or what contemporaries
called “relief,” was provided by local governments. The administration of local public relief had
long been as...
Inequality and Endogenous Trade Policy Outcomes
anti-trade bias inequality protectionism trade policy
2015/9/22
An enduring puzzle in international economics is why trade interventions are biased in favor of importcompeting rather than export sectors and therefore restrict trade. In this paper, we show that if ...
Are Preferential Trade Agreements with Non-trade Objectives a Stumbling Block for Multilateral Liberalization?
Multilateral trade negotiations regional integration cross-border externalities environment labor standards
2015/9/22
In many preferential trade agreements (PTAs) countries exchange not only reductions in trade barriers but also cooperation in non-trade issues such as labor and environmental standards, intellectual p...
The Clash of Liberalizations:Preferential vs.Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the European Union
Preferential trade agreements customs unions multilateral trade negotiations MFN tariff concessions reciprocity
2015/9/22
There has been an explosion in the number of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in the last decade. PTAs are characterized by liberalization with respect to only a few partners and thus they can pot...
Tariff Retaliation versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements
Dispute Settlement WTO Tariffs Monetary Fines Bonds Concessions Reciprocity Policy Coordination
2015/9/22
We analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs in respo...
We explore conditions under which trade agreements can provide gains by reducing trade-policy uncertainty. Given the degree of income risk aversion, this is more likely when economies are more open, e...
Trade and Investment under Policy Uncertainty:Theory and Firm Evidence
Investment Trade Uncertainty Policy Agreements
2015/9/22
Using a dynamic, heterogeneous firms model with sunk costs of exporting we show that: (i) investment and entry into export markets is reduced when trade policy is uncertain and (ii) credible preferent...
Policy Uncertainty, Trade and Welfare:Theory and Evidence for China and the U.S.
Policy Uncertainty Trade Welfare China the U.S.
2015/9/22
We examine the impact of policy uncertainty on trade and real income through firms’ export investments in general equilibrium. We quantify the trade policy causes and welfare effects of China’s export...